Fish Passage

DG

High road density (4.7 mi/sq mi).

H - Open three or more miles of good quality habitat used by at least one stock of salmon or steelhead.  Exceptions:  include very cost efficient projects addressing unique limiting habitat or benefiting multiple stocks of salmon or steelhead

H - Bridges are the preferred structure.  If culverts are used, they should be sized to allow full access to all fish species and life history stages.

H - Inventory, assess, and prioritize all habitat blockages (culverts, dikes, railroad grades, etc.) for all salmonid life history stages. 

H - Develop a database housed with the lead entity, to contain all blockage data. 

Floodplain Conditions

Poor (DG)

Rip-rap, confined by roads, filled and rerouted.

H - Reconnect potential off-channel habitat.  

H - Restoration actions need to increase instream LWD to help address channel incision and flow issues.  This includes appropriate riparian restoration to result in better future LWD levels

H - Fence livestock and reconnect/reconstruct off-channel habitat.

H - Maintain, conserve, and prioritize off-channel and side channel habitat and associated riparian. 

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H - Inventory impacts and suitable restoration sites for floodplain habitat coincident with the barrier/culvert inventory.

H - Assess agricultural effects, road effects, residential effects

Sediment

Poor (DG)

High road density, road confinement, bank erosion,

Excessive sediment, vehicle activity.

H - Correct high impact road sediment delivery problems via push-outs, cross-drains, and sediment traps etc.

L - Provide education regarding the impacts of vehicle activity in streams and increase enforcement.

M - Provide education regarding the impacts of livestock.

H - Reduce livestock access.

H - Allow watershed time to recover from logging.

H - Inventory roads and assess impacts to salmon and steelhead as well as prioritize restoration actions. 

H - Assess bank failures, LWD, bulkheads and bank confinement.

LWD

Poor

(DG)

H - Actions are needed to increase LWD, or similarly functioning natural structures, in appropriate places.  This would include anchoring LWD and increasing natural recruitment potential (riparian restoration).. 

H - Increase conifers in riparian zones.

H – Prevent removal of appropriate pieces of LWD, and other natural structures, within the floodplain through increased education and enforcement. 

H - Determine appropriateness through inventory or other assessment of LWD, or other natural structure(s), placement.  (e.g. gravel recruiting,  hydrology, wood or structure size, gradient, near term LWD recruitment potential, and valley confinement).

Riparian

Poor (DG)

H - Revegetate open riparian areas with native plants including conifers in appropriate places.

M - Interplant conifer into hardwood riparian areas that were historically conifer areas.

M- Plant conifer adjacent to and outside existing and limited existing conifer hardwood riparian areas.

H - Fence and revegetation where needed.

H - Funds, lands, and easement opportunities should be identified to obtain areas of mid-to late seral stage riparian with priority given to older stands.  This is applicable to lands that do not have current protection such as those outside of current forest practice regulations.

H - Assess and prioritize recovery and protection for riparian conditions.

H - Assess cause of riparian degradation (it is listed as unknown).

Water Quality

DG.  Poor riparian, livestock access, road run-off.

H - Actions need to address sediment, riparian, and flow problems. 

H - Reduce livestock access to streams.

H - Increase activities that lead to natural recharge of the aquifers and maintain or improve hydrological maturity. 

H - Restore wetlands and off-channel habitat.

H - Fence livestock and reduce road activities that contribute to sediment.  Revegetate riparian.

H - Decrease activities that interfere with the natural recharge of aquifers or degrade hydrological maturity.

H - Review and assess water temperature, dissolved oxygen, road runoff, livestock access, and riparian degradation.

Water Quantity

Poor (DG).  Poor hydraulic maturity, low summer flows.

H - Reduce water withdrawals from surface sources.

H - Increase activities that lead to natural recharge of the aquifers and maintain or improve hydrologic maturity. 

H -Restore wetlands and off-channel habitat.

H - Decrease activities that interfere with the natural recharge of aquifers or degrade hydrological maturity.

H - Install stream flow gage, and monitor stream flow.

H - Assess summer flows, water withdrawals, and water rights.

Biological Processes

DG

L - Increase contribution of marine –derived nutrients through increased use of carcasses. 

H - Increase field surveys for salmonid escapement, distribution, and habitat use by life history stage.

L - Assess marine-derived nutrient processes.