Fish Passage

DG

H - Open three or more miles of good quality habitat used by at least one stock of salmon or steelhead.  Exceptions:  include very cost efficient projects addressing unique limiting habitat or benefiting multiple stocks of salmon or steelhead.   

H - Bridges are the preferred structure.  If culverts are used, they should be sized to allow full access to all fish species and life history stages.

M - Inventory, assess, and prioritize all habitat blockages (culverts, dikes, railroad grades, etc.) for all salmonid life history stages. 

M - Develop a database housed with the lead entity, to contain all blockage data. 

H - Conduct salmonid surveys and a watershed assessment to determine the overall condition of the stream.

Floodplain Conditions

DG

Unquantified

reaches border I-5 and some is within city limits

L - Reconnect potential off-channel habitat. 

L - Restoration actions need to increase instream LWD to help address channel incision and flow issues.  This includes appropriate riparian restoration to result in better future LWD levels.

H – Maintain, prioritize, and conserve off-channel and side channel habitat and associated riparian. 

M - Inventory impacts and suitable restoration sites for floodplain habitat coincident with the barrier/culvert inventory.

Sediment

DG

H - Reduce livestock access to stream.

M - Provide education regarding the impacts of vehicle activity in streams and increase enforcement.

M - Provide education regarding the impacts of livestock access to streams.

H - Inventory roads and assess impacts to salmonids and prioritize restoration actions accordingly.

M - Assess bank erosion (extent and causes) and prioritize sites for restoration. 

LWD

DG

L - Actions are needed to increase LWD, or similarly functioning natural structures, in appropriate places.  This would include anchoring LWD and increasing natural recruitment potential (riparian restoration).

H – Prevent removal of appropriate pieces of LWD, and other natural structures, within the floodplain through increased education and enforcement. 

H - Determine appropriateness through inventory or other assessment of LWD, or other natural structure(s), placement.  (e.g. gravel recruiting,  hydrology, wood or structure size, gradient, near term LWD recruitment potential, and valley confinement).

Riparian

DG

H - Revegetate open riparian areas with native plants including conifers in appropriate places.

M - Interplant conifer into hardwood riparian areas that were historically conifer areas.   

M- Plant conifer adjacent to and outside existing and limited existing conifer hardwood riparian areas.

H - Funds, lands, and easement opportunities should be identified to obtain areas of mid-to late seral stage riparian with priority given to older stands.  This is applicable to lands that do not have current protection such as those outside of current forest practice regulations.

H – Continue enforcement and revision of current regulations that preserve and enhance riparian regeneration.

M - Assess and prioritize recovery and protection for riparian conditions.

Water Quality

Poor (DG).

Buried chemicals, warm water temperatures, low dissolved oxygen.

Causes: Industrial activity, waste wood landfill, stormwater, dairy farm waste, contaminated soils, dioxin & PCPs (superfund site).

H - Reduce livestock access and livestock waste inputs to streams.    

H - Develop and implement a stormwater plan that reduces impacts to salmonids.

L - Increase activities that lead to natural recharge of the aquifers and maintain or improve hydrological maturity. 

L - Restore wetlands and off-channel habitat.

M - Decrease activities that interfere with the natural recharge of aquifers or degrade hydrological maturity.

H - Continue water quality monitoring.

Water Quantity

Poor.

Low flows due to agriculture, impervious soils (urbanization), increased peak flows.

H - Reduce water withdrawals from surface sources.

M - Increase activities that lead to natural recharge of the aquifers and maintain or improve hydrologic maturity. 

H -Restore wetlands and off-channel habitat.

H - Decrease activities that interfere with the natural recharge of aquifers or degrade hydrological maturity.

Biological Processes

DG

L - Increase contribution of marine –derived nutrients through increased use of carcasses.

H - Increase field surveys for salmonid distribution, escapement, and habitat use by life history stage.

L - Assess marine-derived nutrient processes.